John Gotti Essay Example

John Gotti Essay John Gotti made a portion of the accompanying proclamations and these will give you a sign of just whom he was and his attitude. I saw some of them as very silly and in some dark satiric comedic approach to be valid: â€Å"Always be pleasant to financiers. Continuously be ideal to annuity finance administrators. Continuously be pleasant to the media. In a specific order. â€Å" â€Å"Dont convey a firearm. It is ideal to have them close by, yet don't convey them. You may get captured. â€Å" â€Å"I never lie since I dont dread anybody. You possibly lie when youre apprehensive. † â€Å"If you think your supervisor is dumb, recall: you wouldnt have a vocation in the event that he was any more brilliant. The peruser in this paper will find why John Gotti was given more exposure than some other past wrongdoing figure. I will talk about this hypotheses created by Sutherland, Merton and others and thoroughly analyze them in regards to which would fittingly depict Gotti’ s criminal turn of events. John Joseph Gotti (October 27, 1940 June 10, 2002) was the Boss of the New York City Gambino wrongdoing family after the homicide of the past manager Paul Castellano. John Gotti was the most impressive wrongdoing manager during his period. He turned out to be generally known for his blunt character and colorful style that in the end caused his ruin. He was referred to by the media as The Dapper Don since he wore costly garments and The Teflon Don on the grounds that most of endeavors to convict him came about in either a hung jury or an exoneration. In 1992, Gotti was indicted for 13 killings, trick to submit murder, racketeering, hindrance of equity, illicit betting, coercion, tax avoidance, and advance sharking where he was condemned to life in jail without the chance for further appeal. He kicked the bucket there 10 years after the fact of malignant growth. We will compose a custom article test on John Gotti explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on John Gotti explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on John Gotti explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Social Enterprise Potential for Sustainability in the UK

Social Enterprise Potential for Sustainability in the UK Social endeavor is a functioning and supportable business type of decision which can bring financial, shared and ecological advantages to the UK. It works over all segments of the economy, serving people in the private, open and third parts. All through this examination will recognize the expansion levels of comprehension of the job and estimation of Social Enterprise, given that an absence of comprehension of the job and estimation of social undertakings was refered to as a significant boundary to the speeding up of the utilization of the plan of action. The reason for this examination will recognize the key hindrances looked by Social Enterprise and investigate how these boundaries might be defeated to accomplish manageability. Part 1: Introduction A concise outline of social venture is presented in the primary part. At that point, the reason for the examination will be next talked about which will end with a particular research question. Toward the finish of this part the commitment of this examination is additionally introduced. A Brief Overview of Social Enterprise Social undertaking is a business structure that expects to appropriate over a scope of monetary, social and natural yields which allude as‘ Triple primary concern. Inside this business structure, anybody can build up a business and thinks about social and ecological effect as focal part goals. It can carry riches just as strengthening to impeded networks which might be in any case enduring prohibition. Social endeavors are associations that flexibly merchandise and enterprises to public economy area. These involve an assortment of associations that stay alive between the generally private and open areas and have a more grounded relationship with the network and non-benefit part. This area has a key capacity to partake in accomplishing a large number of its objectives, including beating social bad form and avoidance. Key ethos are frequently utilized by social endeavor associations themselves, underlines following three general highlights: †¢ Enterprise situated like some other business, social endeavor is fit for creating pay from creation of merchandise and ventures to a market. To the extent suitable exchanging concerns, they are likewise ready to make surplus from their exchanging. †¢ Social points they are driven forward by unambiguous social points. They are fit for making new work opportunity, preparing aptitudes advancement and arrangement of neighborhood open administrations. They are mindful to their individuals and the bigger society to build its viability and money related supportability with a definitive objective of making social, ecological and monetary effect or change. †¢ Social proprietorship they are self-administering associations with a power and the possession structures depend on support by partner bunches for instance clients or customers and neighborhood local gatherings and by trustees. Benefits or surplus are scattered as benefit sharing to partners or are utilized to help the network. In the United Kingdom, social undertakings are step by step turning into a notable part of the nearby and national economy. The association which is working in this segment is cognizant about the most significant factor that turning out to be practical organizations is the way to freedom both monetarily and in mission. Be that as it may, this rising segment is battling for additional development and in the long run it prompts have sway adversely on their manageability. Social Enterprise ought to be bolstered and urged to develop both as a division and as individual associations with the goal that these will turn out to be increasingly economical associations. Reason for the Study My paper has been created to investigate how the term social venture has obtained importance in the United Kingdom and to exhibit how specialists, policymakers and scholastics impact each other in the advancement of new manageable thoughts, given that an absence of comprehension of the job and hugeness of social undertakings was refered to as a significant boundary to the speeding up of the utilization of this plan of action. These difficulties come in numerous structures. Some are equivalent to those influencing some other business including access to business backing and money, an absence of reasonable premises and finding talented staff. In any case, social undertakings likewise face one immense hindrance that genuinely influences their capacity to accept a situation inside the market. That hindrance is an absence of comprehension of how social undertakings work and of their latent capacity esteem. This absence of understanding exists over the general population, private and deliberate and network segments. Regularly its been hard to make sure about agreement and standard financing support as there are a lot of disarray encompassing the social venture plan of action. So my thesis will recognize the key boundaries looked by Social Enterprise and investigate how these hindrances might be defeated so as to accomplish supportability. It looks at basic episodes that have molded the significance of social endeavor in England and thinks about these occurrences to make inferences about the future supportable advancement of social undertaking practice. All through this paper, I will likewise read the potential conditions for the supportable improvement of social undertaking. The reason for existing is to advise both strategy making and the more extensive contention about social venture: what its latent capacity may be and how that potential can be acknowledged in various settings. Structure of the Report: This examination is separated into six parts; the principal section is a presentation with reason for the investigation. In the subsequent section, writing based survey of meanings of social undertaking, foundations of social venture, conversation applicable to the manageability of social endeavor, the nature of their commitment and their patrons and wellsprings of subsidizing. The third sums up the foundation data of social undertaking in the UK and the fourth and fifth part contain the philosophy and the synopsis of the primary discoveries of the examination with suggestions for strategy. At long last, the 6th section is giving the thought regarding potential territories that further research could be directed with the restrictions of the investigation of this exploration paper. Part 2: Literature Review This part will give a diagram of writing and models that are identified with the examination issue introduced in the past section. This part will present the roots and ideas of social undertaking so as to give a reasonable thought regarding the exploration region. 2.1 Roots of social endeavor Scott indicated (2006, p.50) referenced â€Å"The foundations of social undertakings and network venture generally can be found in the shared, self improvement and co-employable part which returns, in the UK, at any rate to the Fenwick Weavers in Ayrshire 1769 and Dr William King of Brighton during the 1820s with prior antecedents.† Neighborhood people group based association assumed imperative job inside the improvement of this development and engaging impeded poor network to push ahead work advertise. Grass root social specialist Harry Cowley crusaded among first and second world war for lodging needs and work open door for returning help individuals and limit building support for private venture. He additionally pushed â€Å"job creation† program from the neighborhood open assistance expert for jobless individuals and in the long run had some achievement. 2.2 General Discussion on Social Enterprise Social Enterprises consolidate the necessity of fruitful organizations with shared points. They look to qualify as organizations by setting up a piece of the pie and making a benefit and cause to notice the drawn out advantages for representatives, buyers and the network. Todays serious business world expressed that characterizing the social endeavor is a difficult errand. As per OECD (1999, p.9) â€Å"there is no all inclusive, generally acknowledged meaning of social enterprise.† On the other hand, the OECD (1999, p.10) has portrayed social undertaking as: â€Å"any private movement directed in the open intrigue, sorted out with a pioneering technique yet whose primary intention isn't the amplification of benefit yet the achievement of certain financial what's more, social objectives, and which has a limit of bringing creative answers for the issues of social prohibition and unemployment†. Doherty and Thompson (2006, p.362) referenced in their article that social endeavors are associations which are looking for business answers for social emergency. These are should have been recognized from other socially-situated associations. These additionally need to take activities that can elevate to networks yet which are not looking to be â€Å"businesses†. In this regard, these last associations stay subject to blessings and gifts instead of develop genuine paying clients. As indicated by DTI report A Progress Report on Social Enterprise: A Strategy for Success (2003, p.6), social venture is such sort of business which reinvests its surpluses in the business or in the network as opposed to builds benefit for investors or proprietors. Drucker (Gendron, 1996, p.37) contended that social business people are the individuals who adjusted the presentation limit of society yet Henton et al. (1997, p.1) referenced that ‘civic business visionaries are another age of pioneers who assembled new, capably gainful associations at the crossing point of instruction, business, network and government. Somers (2005, p.46) expressed â€Å"Social endeavor accentuate making social and natural incentive at all phases of their creation procedure, as a characteristic piece of their identity†. Following Figure: 1 portrays the creation procedure of social undertaking. Laville and Nyssens (2001, p.325) contend that when the underlying foundations of social endeavors are situated in correspondence and along these lines these are a piece of the third framework, their power is situated in their abdominal muscle

Intuniv for ADHD Side Effects and Dosage

Intuniv for ADHD Side Effects and Dosage ADHD Treatment Print How the Non-Stimulant Treatment Intuniv Can Help Children With ADHD By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Hinterhaus Productions / Getty Images Intuniv is a non-stimulant treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  (ADHD). It is a long-acting form of guanfacine, which had previously been used to treat high blood pressure. It was approved by the FDA in September 2009.??  It was initially approved as a once-a-day treatment for children and adolescents who are 6 to 17 years old and have ADHD. In 2011, Intuniv received the new indication for use as adjunctive therapy for ADHD?? , meaning that it could be used with a stimulant ADHD medicine, like Concerta, Focalin, Adderall XR, or Vyvanse, etc. Intuniv for ADHD Other things to know about Intuniv include that: Guanfacine had already used off-label to treat children with ADHD who also have tics, sleep problems, or aggression.Intuniv is a pill, but unlike some other ADHD medications, it can not be crushed, chewed, or broken and must be swallowed whole.??Like Strattera and Kapvay, other non-stimulants for ADHD, Intuniv is not a controlled substance, which can make getting refills easier for parents.Intuniv is available in four dosage strengths: 1 milligram,  2 milligrams, 3 milligrams, and 4 milligrams.??Most children will start Intuniv at the 1-milligram dosage and then increase by 1  milligram each week until they get to a target dose of 3 milligrams or 4 milligrams. Keep in mind that since you may have to increase the dose, it may take three or four weeks to see an improvement in your childs ADHD symptoms once he starts to take Intuniv.In 2013, the FDA allowed more weight-based, flexible pediatric dosing, with maximum doses up to 7 milligrams for older teens. Weight-based target doses rang e from 0.05 to 0.12 milligram/kilogram/day. It is often a benefit of Intuniv, unlike other ADHD medications, especially stimulants like Adderall, Concerta, or Vyvanse, that it does not cause much appetite suppression. That  can make it a good choice for children who have problems gaining weight when taking a stimulant. Intuniv Warnings and Side Effects Side effects of Intuniv most commonly include somnolence (which can occur in up to 38 percent  of patients), headaches, fatigue, upper abdominal pain, nausea, lethargy, dizziness, irritability, decreased blood pressure, and decreased appetite.?? Although somnolence occurs in a large number of children when they start taking Intuniv, it seems to get better as they continue to take it. For some children, this is a benefit, as it helps them fall asleep if they are given their dose at bedtime (Intuniv can either be given in the morning or the evening).?? Warnings about Intuniv include: Intuniv should be used cautiously if your child is at risk for low blood pressure, bradycardia (low heart rate), heart block, or syncope (fainting), and those also taking ketoconazole, rifampin, valproic acid, antihypertensive drugs, or CNS depressants (sedatives, antipsychotics, etc.).Intuniv should not be taken with a high-fat meal.?? It can be taken with water, milk, or other liquids.Intuniv should be discontinued slowly, by decreasing or tapering the dose over several weeks, and should not be stopped suddenly. The Pediatric Focused Safety Review by the FDA in 2018 recommended routine monitoring of Intuniv.?? Should Your Child With ADHD Try Intuniv? Intuniv may be an especially good option if your childs current medication simply isnt working well, he hasnt been able to tolerate other stimulants because of side effects, or if you have been wary of putting your child on a stimulant. As with Tenex, we may also see Intuniv used to treat children with ADHD and tics, sleep problems, or aggression, either by itself or with a stimulant.??

College Is An Exciting And Nervous Time Of Your Life

College is an exciting and nervous time of your life. It greatly affects what your life will be like afterward. I was super nervous in high school and worried about my test scores. Well, I did end up getting very worried about the tests I think I had the worst score in my class. When applying for colleges came around I knew that my options were limited to a few. I aimed really high, but I don’t regret it because I still was able to go to my second favorite college. My test scores came back to haunt me with my college schedule because I had to pay for my schooling all through my eight years. I became my number one choice for jobs, though. I was on cloud nine when I got to be my dream job because it is a very high-income job. Summing it up I think that the four main parts of college life are; what you did in high school, your test scores and your G.P.A, what college life is like for you, and what life was like after college. High school was a very stressful time because of my test scores, G.P.A, how everything affects you, and extracurricular activities you participated in during high school. My test scores were pretty bad and that’s why I was a little stressed out all through the rest of high school. My ACT was a 22, which was ok. I really don’t want to admit my SAT score was, but since I have to I got a 740. My G.P.A, on the other hand, was great I had a 3.75 in high school. My test scores greatly affected everything. They actually crushed my dreams, to be honest. I hadShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Graduating High School1034 Words   |  5 PagesGraduating high school was a big defining moment in my life. It is a step closer to the real world, a step closer to my future and that is what most exciting about leading up to this day. Preparation to graduating high school was difficult for me there was a lot of ups and downs, but it got easier once I took things more serious and not as a joke. Having that feeling of knowing that your family members are proud of you is an amazing feeling and having my grandmother explain to me how she felt onRead MoreMy College Experience874 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing off to college for the first time, made me a little bit nervous. Would my roommate and I get along, would I make new friends, would I find my way around campus, get to the right classrooms, and grades? Some of my most memorable moments have been meeting my roommate and making new friends. Not only have I met a number of new friends in the dorm, but also in my classes. Together, my new friends and I were soon able to find our way around campus and to the classrooms. College life has been suchRead MoreCollege Admissions : Financial Planning1438 Words   |  6 PagesIndependent Life College Admissions: Financial Planning Financial stress is an everyday reality for college students. Dealing with the financial side of college has been proven to be one of the biggest stress factors for students. Before even starting college, one must worry about how they are going to pay for it; whether they ll take out student loans, apply for numerous scholarships, or pay out of pocket. There are many different ways you can prepare yourself for the financial strain ofRead More Graduation Speech Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven this opportunity to speak on behalf of the graduating class of the 2003. Born and grew up in Tokyo where speaking English was absolutely absent in my eighteen years of life, one day the life-changing experience came to me. When I was fifteen-years-old, the summer of 1998, I came to America for the very first time for the home stay program through my high school. The three weeks I spent in Snohomish have brought me a wonderful encounter with my American family. John, Margo and Jennifer TurnerRead MoreI Value Most As An Educator881 Words   |  4 Pagesfeel delighted and accomplished when my students compliment that I am successful in preparing them for college. It makes my day when students tell me that they learn something every day, call me as an amazing teacher, and count on me when they feel nervous and need support. Students venture out with explorations and say that they conquer math without fear. My patience, encouragement from time to time, the great sense of humor, being a perfect mentor I get thrilled and inspired to hear when most of myRead MoreMotivation for High School Students Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesWalden University 2 Milestone 3: Motivation For High School Students With so many of life many failure attempts to succeed in life, we see those individuals that have dropped out of school and feel that their life now seems meaningless. Their determination or will power wasn’t strong, and they had no one to push them forward to want to be a better person or succeed in life. Some students today feel that all they have to do is just attend school just because of their parents’Read MoreThe Partnership Scholars Program Application1134 Words   |  5 Pagesyear to receive scholarship benefits and support. Why should you be one of these students?Include some accomplishments, awards you have received, and goals you are working towards. Answer: I think that I should be one of the students to receive college benefits and support because school is very important to me. I have always tried my absolute hardest to keep my grades up and have always managed to be on the honor roll at school. I always work hard and put my best into everything. I don’t quit orRead MoreAnalysis Of Orwells Shooting An Elephant1230 Words   |  5 Pages Jared loved cartoons when he was younger and still loves them today. He wants to complete his basics at National Park College then transfer to Savannah College of Art and Design to learn fine art and become and animator. He wants to make his own animated television show and work for Cartoon Network or Disney. Elizabeth is a first time student here at National Park College. So here are a few things to know and learn about her. Her main hobbies are organizing and directing her kids church. SheRead MoreBeing Your Own Priority. What Is The Most Important Thing1127 Words   |  5 PagesBeing Your Own Priority What is the most important thing in your life? Some people may say it is family, friends, school, sports, etc. but I believe the most important thing in your life should be yourself. Some people may see this as selfish, but this is the best way to improve every aspect of your life and make you a better person. You don’t owe anyone anything, but you owe it to yourself to try and become a better person everyday, and you can’t do that when you are too focused on things thatRead MoreSummary Of The Crazy Roller Coaster 1020 Words   |  5 PagesMy Life The woman, tears rolling , heart pounding, began screaming as beads of sweat formed on her forehead. This woman was my mom and she was giving birth to me, Erica Janae Adams, on Friday, April 13, 2001 in Port Author, Texas. Judging by the amount of people in the room you would have thought that their was a party going on, but of course that wasn t the case. It was just a room full of my large and crazy family, but despite of the craziness, these would be the people that would help

#NAME - 1749 Words

- His theories on learning is referred to as constructivist approach. - he said that children built up their own thoughts on experiences they had and what they saw. He felt that learning was ongoing and children need to adapt. - Information contradicts their conclusion e.g. children may have milk in a pink tommie sippy but then have juice instead of milk in a pink tommie sippy they would reconsider that other drinks come in a pink tommie sippy not just milk. - piaget grouped children’s learning into four broad stages. Sensori-motor aged between 0-2 years –Development of object permanence - Child begins to use symbols (E.G Language) Pre-operational aged between 2-7 years –child uses symbols in play and thought - Egocentrism -†¦show more content†¦He told adults that they needed to work alongside their children and children can work alongside each other developing each other potential. He knew that direct teaching was important but it was just as important for children to work together and them being active in their learning. †¢ Social Learning (e.g.Bandura) Albert Bandura Born 1925 social learning theorist accepts the principle of conditioning but believe there are other ways of learning such as learning by watching. Social learning theorists think that people also learn by observing others. This is called ‘observational learning’. Early years workers have seen children copy other children or adults. This is spontaneous children will naturally learn by copying rather than someone showing or teaching them. Research shows that children and young people can only copy something but not others. Cognition seems to play an important part in this as children need to be able to notice the activity and also be able to remember it fully. Bandura calls this ‘social cognitive theory’ Links of practice: Children and young people will learn a lot by observing everyone around them and pick up social behaviour. Many people who work with children and young people will be encouraged showing positive and healthy behaviour such as not smoking. †¢ Operant conditioning (e.g. Skinner) B.F. skinner 1904-90 learnt that most humans and animals learn though exploring and thenShow MoreRelatedMy Name Of Your Name896 Words   |  4 PagesYour name. It has been studied that your name can make or break you in this world we live in. Some people say your name is specialized to identify who you are, but does it really make up who we really are? I believe that our name is just 50% who we are, and 50% the influence that the world gives towards our names. Places where we may have gotten most of our influence from is our parents. They take one glance at us and it s like the whole world comes to a stop in order for them to concentrate onRead MoreIs The Value Of A Name?835 Words   |  4 PagesAre You Your Name? Is God His Name? Can We Worship God’s Name? William Shakespeare once wrote, What s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. The question is: what is the value of a name? If names do have value, do they truly define the person or thing that possesses it? Finally, how does this relate to God? With humans, given names usually have a meaning from the language or culture in which the name comes from. For example, the name John is of HebrewRead MoreThe Name Game: How Much Power Does a First Name Have?1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Name Game: How Much Power Does a First Name Have? At birth you are given something precious. Unlike a stuffed animal or a baby blanket, this cannot be simply discarded or given away when the owner decides they have outgrown it. A name is something that is normally retained for the duration of ones existence on Earth. Although it may seem to only serve the purpose of identification, a name carries much more than just that; both good and bad preconceptions are latched onto all names. ParentsRead MoreLost Names Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesRocco Thompson June 10, 2011 History 354 William Kinzley Lost Names Lost Names: Scenes From A Korean Boyhood by Richard E. Kim is an autobiographical fictionalization of the author’s youth in Japanese occupied Manchuria. Though not a traditional autobiography, the author tells his own story through the eyes of a nameless young man. The story takes place between 1932 and 1945. The young man grows and changes from the start of the novel to the end and meditates on the nature of war, familyRead MoreThe Name Says It All. Many Names Have Meanings Connected1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe Name Says It All Many names have meanings connected to them, like the name â€Å"Erika† having the meaning â€Å"ruler.† In Amara Lakhous’s novel Divorce Islamic Style, there is a strong focus on the importance of names, which are used as the first and foremost way to describe a character. These characters, such as Christian, Sofia, and various minor characters, are described and developed according to the names they have been given. One of the first characters we are introduced to is Christian (aliasRead MoreHaving a meaningful name is a gift that anybody can’t have. Most of the parents name their child600 Words   |  3 PagesHaving a meaningful name is a gift that anybody can’t have. Most of the parents name their child with expectations of what the child would become, and usually the names they choose have great meanings. But does that mean there is absolutely no problem how the name is pronounced or spelled? Names usually have big impact on first impression when the person is being introduced, which may be very important. I believe that names are powerful piece of who we are and a symbol we live with for the restRead MoreThe English Phonetic Of My Chinese Name1624 Words   |  7 Pagesof my Chinese name, and the answer to the hated question of what my Chinese name is. This is also the name that I never liked when I was younger, associating it with the mundanity of Chinese school and the pa rt of my heritage that was a constant reminder that I was neither Chinese or American. At that time, it did not matter that my name meant brilliant red jade, indicating that I would be strong and elegant. Instead, I preferred my English name Sophia, for wisdom. Sophia is the name that I have comeRead MoreMaxine Kingstons No Name Woman1096 Words   |  5 PagesLearn from the Stories Having two considerably different cultures can cause a strife with one’s identity. In â€Å"No Name Woman,† Maxine Kingston’s mother tells her a story of her aunt that committed adultery which therefore led to her segregation from her own family and villagers. Kingston’s mother asserts that the story should not be told by anyone and the story’s purpose was to strike fear in her daughter. Then, Kingston explores the different scenarios that could have led to her aunt’s suppressedRead MoreThe Domain Name System Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed, hierarchical database of Internet name and address information. The purpose of the DNS is to resolve, or map, the names of host computers to numerical IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. Every computer connected to the Internet has its own unique IP address. The IP address is a 32-bit number that is conventionally presented in dotted decimal form divided into fou r binary octets. The domain name is an alphanumerical name that corresponds to the IP addressRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Name Is Sam1149 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Hi my name is Sam, i’m 18 and came here with my 9 year old little brother James. Everyone says he’s so adorably cute but they don’t know that we are immigrants. I finally got him into school, the last thing I need is to mess that up for him. He needs a better future than our parents or I got and I am destined to make sure that he gets it. It’s hard to pay for James to go to school in the mornings, we get by though. I work 16 hours in the factory and James works sewing up pillows with Clair s mom

Study of the Namibian Border war and the Angolan bush war (1966 †1989) Free Essays

string(24) " soldiers into the war\." Introduction The South African Border war, which is sometimes also referred to as the Namibian Border War and Angolan Bush War, lasted between the years 1966 to 1989. (Source F) During this period the government of South Africa sent hundreds of thousands of men to go and fight in the war at the Namibian and Angolan borders. (Source B- pg. We will write a custom essay sample on Study of the Namibian Border war and the Angolan bush war (1966 – 1989) or any similar topic only for you Order Now vii) What was the government’s motive for this It was truly an attempt by the government to keep Communism and certain parties out of the country and also to keep control of the States she owned. (Source G) But what negative psychological effects did this military service have on the men and their families and how permanent were they The soldiers were badly mentally affected and some of their memories still haunt them today. (Source C) The effects were negative and permanent. The South African Border War was really part of the Namibian War of Independence and ultimately a result of the Cold War which started in Europe in the 1940’s all the way to the late 1990’s. (Source F) It took place in Southern Africa, involving South Africa, Namibia and Angola. (Source F) Angola, Cuba, SWAPO, Zambia, other independent countries and Umkhonto we Sizwe were against South Africa and UNITA. (Source F) Russia supported the Communist States and America supported South Africa because they were against Communism. (Source F) This relates to America’s policy of containment. The ANC were in exile in Angola and South Africa wanted to keep them out of the country because they were thought to be Communist. (Source F) When the war ended, South Africa and Cuba withdrew from Angola, and Namibia got independence. However, a Civil War in Angola continued all the way until 2002. (Source F) This shows the origin of the conflict in Southern Africa and why the S A government did conscription. The Cold War began in Europe and was a fight between Communism and Capitalism, initially starting with Russia and America, but then spread to the rest of the world and it was thought by the anti Communist states that they needed to contain Communism before it spread further. This was called America’s policy of containment. (Source G) This is why South Africans were told that they were to fight against Communism. (Source D) This is why the SA government did conscription. The Angolan war began when the super powers of the world, although they were not directly interested in it, used the battleground for Cold War rivalry. (Source G) â€Å"Other countries became independent in the 1950’s and 1960’s and so the Portuguese wanted to keep control over Angola. This resulted in wars between the Portuguese and Angolan liberation groups. (Source G) In 1974 army officers in Portugal overthrew the governing Portuguese dictator in order to end the futile wars and bring independence. (Source G) In Angola there were 3 main rival liberation groups, namely MPLA, FNLA and UNITA. (Source G) Before elections, outside powers got involved. (Source G) America provided arms to FNLA and UNITA, against MPLA. America wanted to join South Africa in the war in order to regain their status after their defeat in Vietnam.† (Source G) South Africa invaded Angola in 1975 for its oils and minerals. (Source G) SA was against MPLA and it was thought that the y would be able to take over Namibia, which was a South African state. (Source G) â€Å"South Africa wanted to capture Luanda after occupying large areas of Angola.† (Source G) The economy of Angola suffered badly and the war only ended finally in 2002. (Source G) This shows the origin of the conflict in Southern Africa and why the SA government did conscription. In order to keep things under control, the South African government needed to send some soldiers to the Namibian and Angolan borders to prevent Communism, the ANC and SWAPO from entering the country. (Source D) The South African government and the SADF were against guerrilla warfare used by SWAPO. (Source D) The government kept them out by means of conscription. (Source B- pg. vii) This shows why and how the South African government dealt with the enemy. All white males aged 17, 18 and 19 had to go and do military service after they finished school. (Source A) It was compulsory and was expected of the boys as they grew up with the war. (Source A) You needed to go and do military service for 2 years after which you could go and begin your studies at university. (Source A) The only way you could get out of doing your military service was if you failed to pass a medical examination, had permission to continue university education before your service or by conscientious objection, in which case you would be thrown into jail. (Source A3) Each boy had to fill out forms at school (Source A1) and their families were sent a telegraph (Source A2) or a formal military letter. (Source A3) They knew that they needed to go and do military service as it was expected of them and some of their relatives had previously gone too. It was something they grew up with, if they were entered at a later stage in the war. (Source A1) After 2 years of mi litary service, you could leave. (Source A) The boys needed to purchase a few items, e.g. an iron, and then the parents would take them to a place where they were told to gather and when they were told to gather by the telegraph. (Source A2) The parents then had to leave and the boys were taken to their specific sector to do their basic training.Two examples are Ian and Gavin McAlpine who were conscripted at age 18 and 19. Ian needed to get on a truck to go to Pretoria and Gavin got on a train to go to Kimberley. (Source A) This confirms that there were splits between families. Jeremy, aged 18 at the time, says â€Å"It was the worst day of my life†. This shows how the government of SA conscripted soldiers into the war. You read "Study of the Namibian Border war and the Angolan bush war (1966 – 1989)" in category "Essay examples" It was a sad time and the soldiers felt scared and didn’t know what to do next and what was going to happen next. (Source A) When they got to their sectors for basic training they were only told of the fact that they needed to fight Communism and were sometimes shown powerful images as a form of propaganda. (Sources A B- pg.63) Chris, who was aged 17 at the time, says â€Å"The horror was nauseating.† (Source B- pg. 63) The rest of the world was also not told of the true reason behind the war and were only told that it was a fight against Communism. (Source A) There was also control of the media so that the public would not be allowed to be well informed. (Source A2) This meant that they did not know that what they were getting involved in might have been bad. They could not object because they were convinced by the propaganda that they were doing right by fighting the enemy. This shows how the government prevented knowledge of why they did conscription. â€Å"The army was not easy† – Ian (Source A1) and the process of basic training and physical activity was difficult and humiliating at times. It often involved bringing them down in order to build them up as a team. (Source A1) â€Å"Seeing boys cry because they could not take it anymore was not fun† – Ian (Source A1) and the war broke soldiers. However, â€Å"it was necessary to just put on a brave face and become tougher or else you would not survive.†- Ian. (Source A1) This shows how the soldiers were personally affected at the time they were in the army, which was negatively. A boy would be sent to a specific sector that the army thought they would be good in or they would be sent to a specific sector if they had any previous qualifications. (Source A) The men could have communication with their families when they were granted leave and could go home, ‘phoned when it was necessary, saw their parents on open days for them to visit and the parents corresponded regularly and sent postcards over to their children. (Source A3) However, this was not done through the army itself. (Source A3) The army did not offer any psychological assessments or treatment to the soldiers –duits. (Source C) Soldiers felt angry and disappointed that they were placed in situations against their will and sad about what happened to their fellow soldiers. (Source A2) Afrikaans generals looked over the men and did regular inspections. (Source B- pgs. 50, 21 22) Soldiers learnt that they need to iron perfectly and have perfectly made beds, and they sometimes didnâ⠂¬â„¢t even sleep in them. (Source B- pgs. 21 22) Some of the soldiers weren’t even interested in the politics and basic training brings back bad memories for the soldiers. They were treated badly, but the experiences were worse for the men who did the fighting and saw the death of friends and the enemy. (Source A2) This shows the negative and permanent effects on the soldiers. However, skills that the soldier previously had helped them to an extent e.g. Scouting. (Source A1 B- pg. 46) Although Scouting was very different to the war, it helped the boys who were Scouts and gave them an advantage as they would be more independent, strong and have bush craft knowledge already. Soldiers had to do mortar training and Ian experienced a friend being blown up during this training. (Source A1) The soldiers did patrols of villages. (Source B- pg. 218) These patrols were violent and gruesome and negatively affected the soldiers. The confrontation in the battlefield was terrible. The amount of casualties was large. â€Å"All told my armour squadron lost 12 guys with a further 20 casevacs.† -Jaycee. (Source C) â€Å"The horror and fright one experiences in contacts and large ops is all too real.† – Scottman (Source C) Soldiers felt horrible about doing things â€Å"It was instrumental in making me think: this is not for me.† – Anonymous. (Source B pg. 218) However, the war experiences were worse for the soldiers who battled than the others. (Sources A B) This shows how the soldiers were affected by the war and the events they experienced. When their sons were conscripted it was a sad time for the parents but it was necessary for them to put on a brave face. (Source A3) Parents were heartbroken and scared for their children. (Source A3) Although parents dealt with it in different ways because one is surrounded by so many different opinions at the time and they had to think positively. (Source A3) Parents always worried because there was always a risk for their children. (Sources A3 4) It was difficult for a parent if both their sons had to leave at the same time. (Source A4) Parents felt apprehensive. (Source A4) The government was really supporting white privilege on top of protecting the country from Communism. (Source A4) This shows how the parents were affected by the war. There are some soldiers and parents who do not think negatively about the war now.The parents have relief that their children came back unscathed, if they did. (Source A3) Some soldiers do not have memories which haunt them (Source A2) and they say that the war made men out of them. (Source A1) Some parents believe that it gave their sons responsibility and disciplined attitudes, which they still use today. (Sources A3 C)Memories are not vivid today for some soldiers and their families. (Source A4) This means that people are beginning to lose the gruesome and painful details of the war and so are getting over things. This shows that some people may not be permanently and negatively affected still today. But some soldiers and their families are still haunted by the memories of their experiences. (Source C) â€Å"They only ‘struck contact’ once in this entire time, but that was enough to wean him off war forever.† –eJay. (Source C) It had lasting effects on the men. â€Å"†¦.some of the experiences I went through, and witnessed, during the Mau Mau war do sometimes come back to give me nightmares!† –Neso. (Source C) Although this was in Kenya, some South African men could still feel this way too. â€Å"Although I did not recognise it at the time, it really had a profound effect on me.† – Jaycee. (Source C) The long term effects could be physical injuries, emotional wrecks, people who committed suicide, having violent nightmares and marriages did not last. (Source C) They were bitter days. (Source C) After the war a medal was awarded to anyone who had spent 55 days doing continuous service on the Border. (Source B)This show s the negative, permanent effects of the war on some soldiers. People have different takes on war nowadays. Some believe that war doesn’t solve anything (Source A1) and that we should negotiate instead of resorting to violence. (Source A3) â€Å"Old men start wars, young men fight and die in them.† –Ian. (Source A1) Whereas some people are not against war, provided it is used to protect a country. (Source A2) There was a struggle for liberation and war in Northern Namibia and Angola and it deeply affected the South African people, their children and society. (Source E) At the present day, however, â€Å"South Africans are rediscovering and re evaluating a turbulent past and its permutations†. â€Å"They are reliving sensitive, angular optics†. Yvonne Mokgoro, Constitutional Court of South Africa. (Source E) This shows the different opinions on war from the perspective of soldiers and their families. It also shows that some soldiers and their families are not still negatively and permanently affected t oday, and some are. Conclusion It has been shown how and why the South African government conscripted soldiers into the South African Border War. It has also been shown that the time in which the soldiers served the military was a terrible time that has negative and positive aspects to it and it will still affect some soldiers today, and some not. Most in a negative and permanent way, but some do not have vivid memories. It has also been shown that the South African government did not consider the young soldiers in their fight against Communism. How to cite Study of the Namibian Border war and the Angolan bush war (1966 – 1989), Essay examples

The Straight Dope Science Advisory Board free essay sample

Abstract: Is it possible to create a science fiction-type force field? The article begins with a person asking the staff of The Straight Dope Science Advisory Board a question concerning the possibility of creating a fiction-type force field. The staff member asks the person to clarify the question by asking if it is a force field that protects a ship, a tractor beam or something to keep prisons in holding. She then explains the different kinds of forces considered by physicists and ow some theories have combined the different forces. Briefly giving explanations, she looks at the possibility of a force field using the each of the different forces. She covers the four main forces: strong, weak, gravity and electromagnetism. Strong and weak forces cannot create a force field unless there are aliens or enemies with no electrons. The forces are for relatively very short distances, smaller than the protons and neutrons inside a nuclei. We will write a custom essay sample on The Straight Dope Science Advisory Board or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, strong and weak forces are inefficient in creating a force field seen in science fiction movies. Next, she evaluated gravity in the possibility of creating a force field. Through her explanation, she shared two reasons gravity is not a good choice for creating a field. First, gravity is the weakest force. It is also is an attractive force, not a repulsive one. It could not prevent aliens or enemies out, but would do the opposite, keep them in. It could be used as a tractor beam; however, but due to calculations, it would need a black hole. Electromagnetism was looked at last as a possibility. The main problem is the fact that these forces work on charged matter. We are electrically neutral and the aliens would likely be as well. She suggested creating an immobile sheet of electrons, basically a wall. Her last suggestion was sharing that to make the force field invisible, you Just use plexiglass.

Impressment and the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Impressment and the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair The impressment of United States seamen from American ships by the British Royal Naval created serious friction between the United States and Britain. This tension was heightened by the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in 1807 and was a major cause of the  War of 1812.   Impressment and the British Royal Navy Impressment denotes the forceful taking of men and placing them into a navy. It was done without notice and was commonly used by the British Royal Navy in order to crew their warships. The Royal Navy normally used it during wartime when not only British merchant sailors were â€Å"impressed† but also sailors from other countries. This practice was also known as â€Å"the press† or â€Å"press gang† and it was first used by the Royal Navy in 1664 at the onset of the Anglo-Dutch wars. Although most British citizens strongly disapproved of impressment as being unconstitutional because they were not subject to conscription for other military branches, the British courts upheld this practice. This was mainly due to the fact that naval power was vital to Britain maintaining its’ existence.   The HMS Leopard and the USS Chesapeake In June 1807, the British HMS Leopard opened fire on USS Chesapeake which was forced to surrender. British sailors then removed four men from the Chesapeake who had deserted from the British Navy. Only one of the four was a British citizen, with the three others being Americans who had been impressed into British naval service. Their impressment caused widespread public outrage in the U.S. At the time, the British, as well as most of Europe, were engaged in fighting the French in what is known as the Napoleonic Wars, with the battles starting in 1803. In 1806, a hurricane damaged two French warships, the Cybelle  and  Patriot, which made their way into Chesapeake Bay for necessary repairs so that they could make the return trip to France.   In 1807, the British Royal Navy had a number of ships, including the Melampus and the  Halifax, which were conducting a blockade off the United States coast in order to capture Cybelle and Patriot if they became seaworthy and left Chesapeake Bay, as well as prevent the French from obtaining much needed supplies from the U.S. Several men from the British ships deserted and sought the protection of the U.S. government. They had deserted near Portsmouth, Virginia, and made their way into the city where they were seen by naval officers from their respective ships. The British request that these deserters be handed over was completely ignored by local American authorities and enraged Vice Admiral George Cranfield Berkeley, the Commander of the British North American Station at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Four of the deserters, one of which was a British citizen - Jenkins Ratford – with the three others – William Ware, Daniel Martin, and John Strachan – being Americans who had been impressed into British naval service, enlisted in the U.S. Navy. They were stationed on the USS Chesapeake which just happened to be moored in Portsmouth and was about to embark on a trip to the Mediterranean Sea. Upon learning that Ratford had been bragging about his escape from the British custody, Vice Admiral Berkeley had issued an order that if a ship of the Royal Navy should find the  Chesapeake at sea, it was that ship’s duty to stop the Chesapeake and capture the deserters. The British were very intent on making an example of these deserters. On June 22, 1807, the Chesapeake left its’ port Chesapeake Bay and as it sailed past Cape Henry, Captain Salisbury Humphreys of the HMS Leopard sent a small boat to the  Chesapeake  and gave Commodore James Barron a copy of Admiral Berkeley orders that the deserters were to be arrested.   After Barron refused, the Leopard fired almost point blank seven cannon balls into the unprepared Chesapeake which was outgunned and therefore was forced to almost immediately surrender. The Chesapeake suffered several causalities during this very brief skirmish and in addition, the British took custody of the four deserters. The four deserters were taken to Halifax to be tried. The Chesapeake had suffered a fair amount of damage, but was able to return to Norfolk where the news of what had taken place quickly spread.   Once this news was made known throughout the United States which had very recently rid itself of British rule these further transgressions by the British was met with complete and total disdain.   American Reaction The American public was furious and demanded that the United States declare war against the British.   President Thomas Jefferson proclaimed that â€Å"Never since the Battle of Lexington have I seen this country in such a state of exasperation as at present, and even that did not produce such unanimity.† Although they were normally politically polar opposites, the Republican  and  Federalist parties were both aligned and it appeared that U.S. and Britain would soon be at war. However, President Jeffersons hands were tied militarily because the American army was small in number due to the Republicans desire to reduce government spending. In addition, the U.S. Navy was also quite small and most ships were deployed in the Mediterranean attempting to stop the Barbary pirates from destroying trade routes. President Jefferson was intentionally slow in taking action against the British knowing that the calls from war would subside – which they did. Instead of war, President Jefferson called for economic pressure against Britain with the result being the  Embargo Act. The Embargo Act proved to be highly unpopular with American merchant who had benefited for nearly a decade from the conflict between the British and the French, collecting large profits by conducting trade with both sides while maintaining neutrality. Aftermath In the end, the embargoes and economic did not work with the American merchants losing their shipping rights because Great Britain refused to make any concessions to the U.S. It seemed evident that only war would restore the United States autonomy in shipping. On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain with a major reason being trade restrictions which had been imposed by the British. Commodore Barron was found guilty of â€Å"neglecting on the probability of an engagement, to clear his ship for action,† and was suspended from the U.S. Navy for five years without pay. On August 31, 1807, Ratford was convicted by court-martial for mutiny and desertion among other charges. He was sentenced to death the Royal Navy hanged him from a sail mast of the HMS  Halifax – the ship that he had escaped from looking for his freedom. While there is truly no way of knowing just how many American sailors were impressed into the Royal Navy, it is estimated that over one thousand men were impressed per year into the British service.

How to Self-Publish a Book in 2019 7 Steps to Bestselling Success

How to Self-Publish a Book in 2019 7 Steps to Bestselling Success How to Self-Publish a Book: 7 Simple Steps to Success Learning how to publish a book and getting your ideas into the world is easier than it’s ever been. There is a wealth of knowledge available online, shared by authors who have developed proven techniques for selling more books. There are also a number of ways new authors can get access to professional services without breaking the bank.In this post, Reedsy will share a common-sense, jargon-free approach to ascending the heights of the self-publishing world.A History of Self-PublishingHow to Get a Literary Agent for Your Book Read post So far, we’ve covered writing your book, editing and designing it, planning your launch, and growing your marketing efforts. You now have enough knowledge to actually go and self publish - assuming that your finances are in place...The Financial ImplicationsMoney is an obstacle that nearly all self-publishing authors will face at the start of their career. After all, they are solely responsible for funding everything to do with the book. That being said, it doesn’t always mean that the author needs to empty their savings account.The Cost of Self PublishingHere are two resources that can help you determine your costs and find alternate ways to cover them:How Much Does it Cost to Self Publish a Book? – Based on data pulled from the Reedsy marketplace, we’ve determined the average costs of book editing services and designing a book.Crowdfunding for Authors (Free Course) – Discover tips and hacks for running a crowdfunding campaign that will help fund your book’s production and boost your launch.The upside to all this, as we hinted at earlier, is that by bearing most of the costs, the self-publishing author also gets to enjoy most of the spoils.RoyaltiesTo give you an idea of the money you can expect to make from each copy sold, let’s look at the royalties offered to both independent and traditionally published authors.Author royalties on paperbacks:Traditionally published authors can expect around 5%.Indie authors will see 20-50% depending on printing costs.Author royalties on ebooks:Traditionally published authors tend to see 20-25% of net (after the retailer’s cut).Self-published authors enjoy up to 70% if their book is priced reasonably.This massive disparity is one of the reasons why J.K. Rowling has dipped her toes into self-publishing. The ebooks and audiobooks (great, incidentally, for road trips) of her Harry Potter series are now released by her own company, Pottermore, allowing her to take the publ isher’s share of sales as well  as the author's.Additional ResourcesKnowledge is power, and for indie authors, it’s also our greatest asset. There's plenty to learn when it comes to becoming a smart and efficient publisher, so as a send-off, here are a few more resources to help you on your way to the top of the bestseller charts:Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid – Outlining the basic scams that await indie authors, including vanity presses.ISBN for Self Publishers: The Complete Guide – Everything (and more than) you wanted to know about International Standard Book Numbers.What is Ghostwriting? And Why Do People Turn to Ghostwriters? - An intro to the world of ghostwriting, including reasons why many indie authors employ their services.How To Copyright A Book: A Definitive Guide – Tackling a fear every author shares: having their intellectual property stolen!The journey to publishing a book can be treacherous, but if you prepare yourself a dequately, and surround yourself with the right people, it can also be one of the most satisfying challenges of your life.Do you have any thoughts or questions about how to self publish a book? Drop a comment in the box below and the folks at Reedsy will get back to you.

Marketing New Product Development Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing New Product Development - Case Study Example The market target may be too small to reflect adequate profits. For the significant success of a product, the market should be large enough to make huge sales. Another major reason for product failure is quality. A product that does not meet customer satisfaction is prone to failure. Every good released into the market must be effective enough to meet the customers’ needs. In addition, the product may not offer any significant improvement in the product already available in the market. Most customers would go for a new product if it offers better features or solves the problems witnessed in the current ones in the market. Some products may meet customer needs but have little access to the market. A good example is the case of small companies that may have a difficult time penetrating a market that is dominated by big competitive companies. This can be seen with the failure of Microsoft Zune. Such issues arise from lack of proper competitive analysis. Small companies face difficulty in budgeting and meeting the demands of the marketing plan. It is especially because of over optimization about the marketing plan at hand. Poor budgeting may lead the company to have a problem of pricing too. Since the budgeting consumed a lot of funds, the firm may try to recover it by offering unreasonable pricing for the commodity. In addition, the firms may run out of money before testing the product completely. The firms decide to test the products on the customers directly and end up flopping. Marketers have learned that there is no available remedy that can act as a quick fix for all market flops. However, there are steps that firms can take to increase their odds of new product success. Companies should have a clear understanding of the market, competitors, and consumers of the products.  

Examination the present strategic position of the multibillion British Essay

Examination the present strategic position of the multibillion British Petroleum (BP) plc Oil Company - Essay Example Introduction Business ethics refers to the moral guidelines that govern business practices at the workplace, and these are the universally accepted principles that are expected of each business. In the contemporary business world, the concept of business ethics has gradually been popularised and it is now a buzzword all over the world. Many firms around the world today are not only concerned with making profits and meeting fiduciary responsibilities to shareholders and consumers, but also showing corporate responsibility (Dirks 2001). There is a proven parallelism between profits and Social Corporate Responsibility, with studies showing that CSR improves profits (Robins 2011). In today’s highly competitive global capital, labour and financial markets, companies in the system cannot afford to be totally unresponsive to ethical issues and concerns. In such a system, that is highly conscious corporate responsiveness, businesses have no choice but to advertently demonstrate their commitment to ethical issues in society. This paper aims at examining the business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the multibillion British Petroleum (B.P) Company that is involved in oil and alternative energy. This analysis will endeavour to determine among other things, the ethical practices of the company, and its corporate responsiveness; in other words, is B.P an ethical firm? A vast company of global influence such as BP is obliged to cautiously apply strategic managerial approaches in promotion of global business ethics in industrial sectors. This analysis is important because it will it will raise an awareness about BP’s business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility, and more importantly, it will establish a relevant knowledge base for future direction to all the stakeholders involved in the oil business around the world. The paper will first outline BP’s business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility strategies, and thereafter, a detailed analysis of these approaches will be carried out in the next section using PESTLE and Carroll's (1991) CSR pyramid models. This analysis will determine how sustainable the company with respect to the 3Ps (People, Planet, Profit) or Elkington’s (1998) Triple Bottom Line (socio- and environmental goals as well as the profit bottom line). Ultimately, after the report has been concluded, what shall follow will be a set of recommendations for the company with regards to its future business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility strategies. BP’s Strategic Management BP is one of the world’s leading oil companies that majors in exploration, production, refining and marketing of petroleum oil products, including natural gas (Warren 2012). This makes BP Oil company one of the world’s companies that are hugely involved with the use of fossil fuels responsible for major global environmental challenges in the 21st century (Mallenbaker 2012). This has f orced the company to restructure its operations while stating its obligations and commitment to the creation of a stable and sustainable society. In this

Equality in Education Essay -- School Learning Teaching Essays

Equality in Education Many believe that the greatest source for a nations strength is to provide equal education for all of its students. However, are we as educators short-changing our female students? I believe the answer to this question is an undeniable, Yes! There are different ways and methods to change this problem in our society; hence we must first examine the source of the corruption. The greatest resources for any country are the educated people that it produces. According to the census taken in the year 2001 in the United States, half of our countrys population is made of women. These strong souled beings have the power and cognitive ability to compete equally and fairly with their male counterparts in any area of education. When I say education, it does not mean the field of education only, I mean all the years of attending basic schooling from kindergarten till twelfth grade and including all subject areas. However, girls do not have an identical educational experience as boys in school. For instance, I remember in fourth grade my teacher only chose boys to be team leaders in sport activities. At that time, we girls didnt think much it, because the atmosphere was such that the boys were the ones who always got to move materials or carry the art or sporting equipment, and that is what we were used to. But one day, I remember it as if it was yesterday. Sara my c lassmate said to the teacher, Im just as strong as Michael. I can even kick the ball farther than him, but you only choose the boys to be special helpers. How come? My teacher did not understand the significance of this question and casually answered, boys are meant to do some tasks and girls others. Sara did not like the response that she was given... ...s can make the large difference in their life and the life of others. The other alternative to provide a safe and empowering environment for girls is to provide same-sex classes in institutions where the curriculum has been updated for better reflection of society. But do we really have to separate our girls in order for them to be treated fairly and equally as boys? No! When our government stated, All men are created equally, they meant, humans, Homo-sapiens, not only the males. Therefore our girls, our ladies should be give the same tools and opportunities to pursue happiness as our boys, our gentlemen. Works Cited Mckee, Alice. How Schools Shortchange Girls. Women and Education. 1992. 92-115. Rich, Adrienne. What Does a Woman Need to Know? Presence of Others. 3rd Edition. Andrea A. Lunsford and John Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford, 2000. 65-71. (*305-A)

DeBeers Case Analysis and PEST Analysis Essay

De Beers is currently being faced with some new challenges that are making it necessary for us to consider a change in the way we do business. With recent turmoil in Western Africa, where illicit diamonds are beginning to come from war torn villages, and other sources of diamonds being found in Russia and Australia, it is clear that we need to begin to move into the U.S. market. However, legally, De Beers is in violation of the U.S. antitrust laws and is therefore being prohibited from selling directly in the U.S. market. Throughout the following memo I will identify the problems we at De Beers are currently facing. I will then make a set of recommendations for action to help us move into the U.S. market by proposing a relaxation of U.S. antitrust laws with restrictions on illicit diamonds, and finally I will conclude with some implementation steps for the solutions that have been recommended. Challenges A PEST analysis has been performed on the current situation facing De Beers. In the following section, I will focus on the most important problems identified in the PEST analysis for which we must find solutions and also on the most important positive forces that we must leverage to our advantage in order to maintain or gain market share. Please see Exhibit 1 for details on the PEST analysis and additional information on other issues we are facing and forces that might help or hinder our market share in the U.S. The most important of the problems we are faced with are due to Political issues in the United States and elsewhere. Due to war in western Africa, diamonds are beginning to flow from the war torn fields of Sierra Leone and Angola, and in Russia, mines are being controlled locally as opposed to in collaboration with De Beers. These challenges alone pose a threat to the power that De Beers currently holds over the diamond industry. Due to these challenges, we initiated a branding campaign attempting to brand De Beers diamonds to the consumers. This campaign was centered in the U.S., where â€Å"legally, the entire De Beers group – its officers, its operations, its marketing structure – was in violation of the U.S. antitrust law† (Burns, 2000). This prohibited De Beers from directly selling in the United States.  Additionally, a political issue that we need to leverage to our advantage is the U.S. foreign policy towards helping to rebuild Africa. These political i ssues will be further addressed in the recommendations section. Economically, there is an expected surge in diamond sales expected to occur in the U.S. this year. This emphasizes the fact that we need to be uninhibited in our marketing and sales efforts in the U.S. if we are to continue to be a successful company. Another economic issue that we are facing is that the historical price of diamonds is leveling off and may even be decreasing as new sources of diamonds are being found. This decrease in prices could be devastating to De Beers and the diamond industry as a whole and needs to be avoided at all costs. The other large economic issue we are facing is our method of stabilizing the diamond prices. The stockpiling we currently utilize to control the supply of diamonds and, more specifically, control the price of diamonds, is eating away at our profits, resulting in a low stock price. Our shareholders, of whom 21% are from the U.S., are starting to voice dissent about our low share prices. Technically, we have been using our single channel distribution system to work our way around the antitrust laws in the United States and to keep an arms length from the U.S. legal system. By selling to diamond merchants through the Central Selling Organization in London, and controlling the supply of diamonds offered to these merchants, we control what stones enter the market at what price. This single distribution channel has been at the core of our ability to regulate the diamond market and without this means of distribution, De Beers and the entire diamond industry would greatly suffer. By winning relaxed antitrust laws in the U.S., we would be able to continue to leverage the power of the single channel distribution system. Socially, the perception of diamonds is that of a beautiful and rare stone that is a symbol of romance and of greed and has been treasured as such for centuries. In the nineteenth century, the supply of diamonds increased, turning the stones from something only the elite could purchase, to a commodity that could be purchased by the mass market. Even with this increase in supply, the perception of diamonds remained that of a rare and  valued commodity. Therefore, even though the supply of diamonds increased, the perception that they were rare was not tarnished, leaving the price of this commodity high. This is a key point that we need to leverage: consumers expect and want the price of diamonds to remain the expected price of a unique and high valued commodity. Stakeholders The primary stakeholders that will be affected by this impending move into the U.S. market and relaxation of the U.S. antitrust laws are De Beers and its shareholders, the African economy, the diamond industry as a whole, and diamond consumers. If these antitrust laws are not relaxed, then De Beers market share will crumble while being replaced by lower priced competitors, leading to an overall decrease in the diamond prices, leading to less profit to everyone in the diamond industry. The African economy also has a large stake in this decision. If the diamonds from war torn fields are accepted into the diamond market, consumers will unknowingly be supporting rebel controlled diamond mines. Lastly, if the antitrust laws are not relaxed, the shareholders of De Beers will most likely experience a short term increase in stock price while the stockpile is being depleted, but in the long run, the stock price will bottom out and will not rise again because the price of diamonds will be permanently lowered. The stakeholders that will be most impacted here are De Beers as a corporation and the diamond industry as a whole, including the African economy. I will focus on these stakeholders in the recommendations section. Recommended Solutions and Implementation Steps The following solutions are being recommended for De Beers to implement in order to convince U.S. policy makers to relax the U.S. antitrust laws and allow De Beers to directly do business in their diamond market. De Beers needs to approach U.S. policy makers with the following arguments and ask for relaxation of the U.S. antitrust laws with some restrictions. The criterion for these solutions is that they are feasible to implement with our current resources and that they do not generate negative press about  past lawsuits. Luxury Items My first recommendation is to approach U.S. policy makers with the fact that diamonds are a commodity and not a necessity. One of the main purposes of the U.S. antitrust laws is to protect consumer well being. Diamonds are not a necessity and the lack of a diamond does not make ones life materially different. Therefore, by helping to stabilize the supply and price of diamonds, we are not hindering the success of people or businesses within the U.S. By keeping the price of diamonds stable, we are not lessening the quality of life of any consumers, however we are keeping consumer value stable. Those millions of consumers who have already invested in diamonds do not want to see the price of their investment decrease. By continuing to help stabilize the price and supply of diamonds, we will ensure that their investment will maintain value. In order to implement this, we need to conduct some consumer surveys to support the fact that consumers are pleased with stable diamond prices and present these facts to U.S. policy makers. We also need to gain the support of other members of the diamond industry to help with this solution. By leveraging our relationships with other diamond mine owners, distributors, wholesalers, and retailers, we can work together to convince U.S. policy makers that the value of this luxury item is sustained due to it’s perceived rarity and in order for the diamond industry to survive, this perception needs to remain untarnished. The other players in the diamond industry, mentioned above, benefit from this perception as well, so it should be relatively simple to gain their cooperation in this matter. African Growth and Opportunity Act The current U.S. foreign policy that seeks to support the reconstruction and redevelopment of Africa needs to be fully leveraged by De Beers. The Clinton administration has pledged it’s dedication to Africa by the pending African Growth and Opportunity Act. We need to pledge our support of all U.S. policy toward U.S. – Africa relations and offer our contribution to the African  economy. Some of the countries in Africa that are currently suffering from violent wars could greatly benefit from their diamond assets if helped by De Beers. They currently lack the knowledge and technical skills needed to mine diamonds effectively. With De Beers’ help, these African countries can begin to develop their economy and stabilize their relationships with the U.S. In order to leverage this foreign policy, we need to enlist the help of U.S. – African relations activists groups as well as activists groups dedicated to the rebuilding of Africa to help us get our message across to U.S. policy makers. We need to convince the U.S. government that De Beers is a positive force in the African economy and by allowing us the antitrust rules to be relaxed in the U.S., we can help to build a stronger relationship between Africa and the U.S. Illicit Diamond Embargo De Beers needs to work with the U.N. to place an embargo on illicit diamonds coming from the war torn fields of Angola and Sierra Leone. These diamonds come from rebel controlled mines, and by allowing these diamonds to enter the marketplace, we are supporting the bloodshed involved in mining these diamonds. Therefore, we need to pledge our support to stop these illicit diamonds from merging with our diamonds in the marketplace. We will differentiate our own legitimate African diamonds from the illicit diamonds coming from the blood stained rebel controlled mines. We will also pledge to the U.S. and the U.N. to not purchase any rough diamonds from these rebel controlled mines. This will be the key restriction we will agree to in our request to have the antitrust laws relaxed. Branding We need to continue our marketing efforts aimed at branding our diamonds. In addition to creating more prestige around our brand of diamonds, we are also certifying that our diamonds do not come from the war torn rebel controlled mines of Africa. By continuing our branding effort, we will continue to increase the demand for the De Beers diamonds, which will help to decrease our stockpile, and in turn slowly increase our stock price, pleasing our shareholders. In addition, it has been proven that with these marketing efforts, consumers are willing to pay a premium for a De Beers diamond, which will further protect us from the possibility of decreasing prices in the future by increasing our profits. Conclusion We at De Beers are facing some difficult challenges and are being forced to look at the way we run our business. In looking at our methodology we have determined that the way we run our business, and the way the diamond industry works, is in the best interest of De Beers as a corporation, the diamond industry as a whole, the African economy, and consumers. As an African company, our paramount concern is to use the diamond industry to help the African economy begin to rebuild itself. We believe that by relaxing the U.S. antitrust laws and abiding by the restrictions mentioned above, the United States can help us further enhance the African economy while maintaining a strong diamond industry, which in turn, benefits the consumers in the United States by preserving the value of their diamond investments. Exhibit 1 PEST Analysis Items of high importance are marked with an upward arrow for strong positive forces and a downward arrow for strong negative forces. These are the issues that have been focused on in this memo. The other items are also important, however solutions to these problems are out of the scope of this document. Political Political forces working against De Beers U.S. Antitrust laws (1890 Sherman Act and 1914 Clayton Act) – De Beers is in full violation of these laws Wars in Africa leading to leakage of illicit diamonds from rebel controlled villages Russia defections leading to leakage of illicit diamonds End of apartheid in South Africa Political Forces working for De Beers U.S. foreign policy seeking to support the reconstructoin an development of Africa Pending African Growth and Opportunity Act De Beers has found that it is out of reach of U.S. legislation while it does not do business directly with the U.S. because it is a South African company Economic Economic forces working against De Beers Historical price of diamonds leveling off and starting to decrease 21% of shares are held by U.S. citizens. These shareholds are beginning to put pressure on De Beers because although the value of the commodty we sell is very high, the stock price is relatively low due to our stockpile Economic forces working for De Beers Prices have been kept uniform on diamonds historically Surge of over a 10% increase of diamond sales expected in U.S. market, hitting $20 billion in 1999. This can be a positive force if De Beers can maintain market share in the U.S. Social Social forces working against De Beers Negative press from previous lawsuits where De Beers avoided being acquitted or settled. Social forces working for De Beers Despite supply of diamonds, consumer perception that the stone is rare persists, allowing the price of diamonds to be higher than supply would dictate The marketing De Beers has been using to brand diamonds has been successful. According to a survey, consumers are willing to pay a 15% premium for a De Beers branded diamond Technical Technical forces working against De Beers The current diamond industry market structure is changing (i.e. diamonds are coming from more sources that solely De Beers owner mined, and the demand from the U.S. is increasing) Technical forces working for De Beers Single channel distribution system. This is the reason the diamond industry has thrived over the past century, however this is one of the main aspects of the way we run business that is in violation of the U.S. antitrust laws. Exhibit 2 References Burns, Jennifer L., Forever: De Beers and U.S. Antitrust Law. Harvard Business School Publication: 9-700-082. Harvard Business School, 2000.

Article Review Stop Blaming Teachers Essay - 1704 Words

I walked into classes several times to witness teachers with their head in their hands, stressed from the previous class. They shake their heads when the next class begins, collecting themselves and doing their best to not let their frustrations show. Students don’t cooperate. They are unwilling to learn because they are aware that the teacher will pass them anyways. There is no real incentive for them to work hard for a high grade. The students know the teacher has to pass them or risk their job. This is an all too common scene in today’s public high schools. Unfortunately, the efforts of teachers are shoved aside and covered by pressures to churn out passing students and high test scores. In her article, â€Å"Stop Blaming Teachers†, Anne Perrin points out the pressures currently facing teachers in the public education systems. Pressures brought on by programs such as No Child Left Behind and standardized testing, the results of which determine many schoolsâ₠¬â„¢ funding. 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